1 Kings 20:23

Authorized King James Version

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And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.

Original Language Analysis

וְעַבְדֵ֨י And the servants H5650
וְעַבְדֵ֨י And the servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 1 of 20
a servant
מֶֽלֶךְ of the king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ of the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 20
a king
אֲרָ֜ם of Syria H758
אֲרָ֜ם of Syria
Strong's: H758
Word #: 3 of 20
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
אָֽמְר֣וּ said H559
אָֽמְר֣וּ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָ֗יו H413
אֵלָ֗יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם are gods H430
אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם are gods
Strong's: H430
Word #: 6 of 20
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
הָרִים֙ of the hills H2022
הָרִים֙ of the hills
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 7 of 20
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם are gods H430
אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם are gods
Strong's: H430
Word #: 8 of 20
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 9 of 20
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כֵּ֖ן H3651
כֵּ֖ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 10 of 20
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
נֶֽחֱזַ֖ק therefore they were stronger H2388
נֶֽחֱזַ֖ק therefore they were stronger
Strong's: H2388
Word #: 11 of 20
to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra
מִמֶּ֑נּוּ H4480
מִמֶּ֑נּוּ
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 12 of 20
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
וְאוּלָ֗ם than we but H199
וְאוּלָ֗ם than we but
Strong's: H199
Word #: 13 of 20
however or on the contrary
נִלָּחֵ֤ם let us fight H3898
נִלָּחֵ֤ם let us fight
Strong's: H3898
Word #: 14 of 20
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
אִתָּם֙ H854
אִתָּם֙
Strong's: H854
Word #: 15 of 20
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר against them in the plain H4334
בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר against them in the plain
Strong's: H4334
Word #: 16 of 20
a level, i.e., a plain (often used (with the article prefix) as a proper name of certain districts); figuratively, concord; also straightness, i.e., (
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 17 of 20
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
לֹ֥א and surely H3808
לֹ֥א and surely
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 18 of 20
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נֶֽחֱזַ֖ק therefore they were stronger H2388
נֶֽחֱזַ֖ק therefore they were stronger
Strong's: H2388
Word #: 19 of 20
to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra
מֵהֶֽם׃ H1992
מֵהֶֽם׃
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 20 of 20
they (only used when emphatic)

Analysis & Commentary

And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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